This explorative study contributes to the theoretical debate on political incivility beyond the domination of Western-centric approaches while connecting the bodies of literature in political philosophy and media research. It offers empirical evidence of Bolsonaro’s delegitimizing criticisms and uncivil expressions toward the press, some specific news outlets, and individual journalists during the first two years of his presidential mandate in Brazil. It concludes that Bolsonaro displayed the complete repertoire of the defining elements of political incivility in liberal democracies vis à (...) vis the delegitimization of the press. He also unprecedently pushed the limits of civility in political discourse by employing the entire arsenal of verbal manifestations of impoliteness. (shrink)

Uma boa entrevista precisa de uma entrada? Necessitamos aqui, realmente de uma apresentação de nosso entrevistado? Se sim, seremos sintéticos, porque estamos convencidos de que importa a fala de Renato Noguera. Deixaremos que a entrevista diga “algo” sobre ele que não possa ser pinçado rapidamente de seu currículo lattes, produção bibliográfica, palestras e bancas de trabalhos acadêmicos, não sem dizer, contudo, que Noguera é daqueles pensadores que aproximam o conhecimento das pessoas. Não escreve e nem fala como se estivesse em (...) uma Catedral, engomado e asséptico. Noguera é pop: dá entrevistas em programas de televisão com a mesma competência com a qual orienta seus estudantes, desenvolve pesquisas e escreve livros. Já há algum tempo, Renato Noguera é sinônimo de produção inovadora que contraria o epistemicídio negro e rasura as lacunas da filosofia. Nosso entrevistado engrossa as reflexões presentes nesta edição da revista Odeere/UESB, cujo tema central é “Afrofilosofias e saberes diaspóricos: Filosofias pretas nas palmas das mãos”, questionando silêncios de uma ciência branca-cis-euro-hetero-usa-normativa, pouco comprometida com a luta antirracista e a equanimidade. A ele agradecemos por nos conceder um pouco de seu tempo, tendo a internet nos servido de elo. A você dedicamos este trabalho, convidando-a a trilhar um percurso de leitura, o qual, se estivermos de acordo, apresentará: i) reflexão e avanço de conhecimento sobre uma filosofia negra; ii) outros caminhos para a filosofia, mais ao “sul”; iii) reinvenções de percurso de pesquisa, pois, ora, o entrevistado tem se voltado à filosofia para a infância. E por quê? Porque Erês, Ibejis, Exu Mirim, o menino Kiriku dão o que filosofar, tanto quanto Pinóquio, Mickey Mouse, Riquinho Rico ou o Pateta, não é mesmo? Esta entrevista não serve apenas aos estudiosos de filosofia, aos pesquisadores de categorias como raça, etnicidade e justiça cognitiva. Serve aquelxs interessadxs em ensinar e aprender filosofias negras, com vistas a denegrir a Vida numa articulação proativa e biocêntrica em favor da Comunidade. Em uma palavra: Ubuntu! Palavras chave: Filosofia; Afrocentricidade; África. (shrink)

Neuroenhancement involves the use of neurotechnologies to improve cognitive, affective or behavioural functioning, where these are not judged to be clinically impaired. Questions about enhancement have become one of the key topics of neuroethics over the past decade. The current study draws on in-depth public engagement activities in ten European countries giving a bottom-up perspective on the ethics and desirability of enhancement. This informed the design of an online contrastive vignette experiment that was administered to representative samples of 1000 respondents (...) in the ten countries and the United States. The experiment investigated how the gender of the protagonist, his or her level of performance, the efficacy of the enhancer and the mode of enhancement affected support for neuroenhancement in both educational and employment contexts. Of these, higher efficacy and lower performance were found to increase willingness to support enhancement. A series of commonly articulated claims about the individual and societal dimensions of neuroenhancement were derived from the public engagement activities. Underlying these claims, multivariate analysis identified two social values. The Societal/Protective highlights counter normative consequences and opposes the use enhancers. The Individual/Proactionary highlights opportunities and supports use. For most respondents these values are not mutually exclusive. This suggests that for many neuroenhancement is viewed simultaneously as a source of both promise and concern. (shrink)

Neuroenhancement involves the use of neurotechnologies to improve cognitive, affective or behavioural functioning, where these are not judged to be clinically impaired. Questions about enhancement have become one of the key topics of neuroethics over the past decade. The current study draws on in-depth public engagement activities in ten European countries giving a bottom-up perspective on the ethics and desirability of enhancement. This informed the design of an online contrastive vignette experiment that was administered to representative samples of 1000 respondents (...) in the ten countries and the United States. The experiment investigated how the gender of the protagonist, his or her level of performance, the efficacy of the enhancer and the mode of enhancement affected support for neuroenhancement in both educational and employment contexts. Of these, higher efficacy and lower performance were found to increase willingness to support enhancement. A series of commonly articulated claims about the individual and societal dimensions of neuroenhancement were derived from the public engagement activities. Underlying these claims, multivariate analysis identified two social values. The Societal/protective highlights counter normative consequences and opposes the use enhancers. The Individual/proactionary highlights opportunities and supports use. For most respondents these values are not mutually exclusive. This suggests that for many neuroenhancement is viewed simultaneously as a source of both promise and concern. (shrink)

The advent of the Web is one of the defining technological events of the twentieth century, yet its impact on the fundamental questions of philosophy has not yet been explored, much less systematized. The Web, as today implemented on the foundations of the Internet, is broadly construed as the space of all items of interest identified by URIs. Originally a space of linked hypertext documents, today the Web is rapidly evolving as a universal platform for data and computation. Even swifter (...) is the Web-driven transformation of many previously unquestioned philosophical concepts of privacy, belief, intelligence, cognition, and even embodiment in surprising ways. The ensuing essays in this collection hope to explore the philosophical foundation of the World Wide Web and open the debate on whether or not the changes caused by the Web to technology and society warrant the creation of a philosophy of the Web. (shrink)

La métaphysique est l’affirmation de la priorité de l’Être sur la puissance. En toutes ses variations stratégiques, elle retient la pensée dans la prison de l’égalité à soi. Après la physique qui n’a pu arrêter la pensée à la seule évidence sensible, la métaphysique produit les catégories réflexives d’une présence désormais reconnue jusque dans les fondements mêmes de sa représentation rationnelle. Un même désir, une même sève irrigue tout l’arbre de l’Être. Sous le tronc de la physique, les...

L’auteur relève les différents enjeux de la médecine prédictive pour le secteur de l’assurance.

Este trabalho tem por objetivo apresentar a diagnose da pedagogia-tecnologia do corpo-arquivo e das banalidades, enquanto produtora de subjetividade. Este emerge da imersão em um grupo na rede social Facebook, guiado pela analítica do Diagnóstico do presente sob inspirações Foucaultianas, Nietzscheanas e Arenditianas. Organiza-se a analise em três eixos: a) A memória: o olhar para si e a produção de referências; b) Os esquecimentos: (hiper)estímulos e hiper(in)sensibilidades; e c) Banalidades das verdades, banalidades das mentiras.

The study of eye movements is a common way to non-invasively understand and analyze human behavior. However, eye-tracking techniques are very hard to scale, and require expensive equipment and extensive expertise. In the context of web browsing, these issues could be overcome by studying the link between the eye and the computer mouse. Here, we propose new analysis methods, and a more advanced characterization of this link. To this end, we recorded the eye, mouse, and scroll movements of 151 participants (...) exploring 18 dynamic web pages while performing free viewing and visual search tasks for 20 s. The data revealed significant differences of eye, mouse, and scroll parameters over time which stabilize at the end of exploration. This suggests the existence of a task-independent relationship between eye, mouse, and scroll parameters, which are characterized by two distinct patterns: one common pattern for movement parameters and a second for dwelling/fixation parameters. Within these patterns, mouse and eye movements remained consistent with each other, while the scrolling behaved the opposite way. (shrink)

Nous voudrions ici montrer comment l’histoire des idées croise l’histoire des sciences et des techniques – plus précisément : l’histoire de la critique de la science et de la technique, ou de la critique de la modernité technique. Nous essaierons, avec plusieurs exemples, d’esquisser une typologie d’histoire des idées dans ce domaine – et dans notre pratique. Nous conclurons en indiquant que cette histoire des idées et des concepts nous paraît plus que jamais nécessaire dans le contexte contemporain de surmédiatisation (...) de certains termes, en association avec celle de certains auteurs ou de certains mouvements. (shrink)

Kurt Lewin's essay “Gesetz und Experiment in der Psychologie” of 1927, published in this issue of SiC for the first time in English translation, and his “Der Übergang von der aristotelischen zur galileischen Denkweise in Biologie und Psychologie” of 19311 have together contributed most to shape his image as a metatheorist of psychology. A careful examination of what has occasionally been called the “Lewinian tradition,”2 however, reveals that Lewin's metascientific contributions have been much more influential in Europe than in the (...) United States, where he lived and taught as a Jewish refugee from 1934 until his early death on 2 February, 1947. (shrink)

Résumé Le multi-instrumentaliste et compositeur Anthony Braxton a progressivement mis en place un système musical rejetant la pensée binaire et les dichotomies, et cela en trois stades successifs : une étape architecturale, une étape philosophique et une étape rituelle et cérémonielle. Cette dernière intègre les précédentes dans un ensemble mythologique en perpétuelle construction, de l’ordre d’une « méta-réalité ». Elle fait du musicien un storyteller ésotérique au service d’une utopie sonore, de laquelle émane le désir d’un autre monde possible, à (...) travers l’exploration d’une multitude de logiques, de structures et de cultures s’interpénétrant. (shrink)

The first half of this article is devoted to sketching a few conceptual paths into the culture of alterations that so many musical genres have practices throughout the ages, and for which « noise » sounds like too narrow a label. The second half of the article follows a few explorers who specialized in disorienting our commonly accepted musical maps.

Les innombrables interprétations de l’allégorie de la caverne, aussi réduc­trices ou spéculatives, aussi fidèles à la lettre ou à l'esprit du texte soient-elles, paraissent s'effacer les unes les autres, comme balayées par la souplesse d'un texte qui autorise les lectures les plus élémentaires comme les plus raffinées. Cet "étrange tableau" qu'expose Socrate s'insère immé­dia­tement entre deux pôles d'intelligibilité censés en assurer la compréhension : l'image de la ligne au...

Neste artigo,é exposto e discutido o caminho percorrido por Hasdai Crescas , filósofo judeu medieval que viveu em Barcelona, na elaboração de sua prova para a existência de Deus, formulada com base em sua crítica às provas apresentadas por Maimônides no "Guia dos Perplexos". A crítica de Crescas parte da formulação de um conceito geral de existência aplicável tanto ao ser necessário quanto aos seres contingentes. Outro aspecto interessante em seu caminho para a elaboração da prova da existência de Deus (...) é a distinção que ele faz entre quididade e existência no ser necessário, posição única entre os medievais e que introduz um importante aspecto de imanência em sua ideia de Deus, distinguindo-a radicalmente daquela defendida por Maimônides. This article presents and discusses the path followed by Hasdai Crescas , medieval Jewish philosopher who lived in Barcelona for the elaboration of his proof for existence of God, formulated from his critique of the evidence presented by Maimonides in the "Guide of the Perplexed". Crescas's critique starts with the formulation of a general concept of existence applicable to both the necessary being as to the contingent beings. Another interesting aspect of his way to formulate his proof is Crescas's distinction between existence and quiddity in the necessary being, a unique position among the medieval philosophers that introduces an important aspect of immanence in his idea of God, which radically differs from that advocated by Maimonides. (shrink)

Il faut placer la reflexion qu'Edouard Glissant a inlassablement et obstinement poursuivie en regard de la philosophie europeenne. Apparait alors un autre Glissant, present des les commencements de l'oeuvre, et qui brusque la tradition philosophique pour en arracher des propositions veritablement inouies: Tout-Monde, Relation, creolisation. Des lors, la coherence et la clarte du parcours de la pensee s'imposent, contredisant le stereotype d'une oeuvre reputee obscure ou difficile. Les essais d'Edouard Glissant augurent d'un temps et d'une geographie inedits de la philosophie, (...) ou une ontique fusionnante repense et deplace la metaphysique et l'ontologie. Glissant est un meteore, surgi de cet espace cosmique qu'il a nomme l'Autre de la pensee. Glissant doit etre lu non pas seulement comme un tres grand ecrivain, mais comme celui qui aura renouvele de fond en comble, a l'oree du XXIe siecle, les tres anciennes questions de la philosophie, en revenant a sa figure premiere, que pratiquerent Heraclite et Parmenide et que bannit Platon: la poesie. (shrink)

Analogy-making is an ability with which we can abstract from surface similarities and perceive deep, meaningful similarities between different mental objects and situations. I propose that mental objects are dynamically changing sets of potentially interchangeable connotations. Unfortunately, most models of analogy seem devoid of both semantics and relevance-extraction, postulating analogy as a one-to-one mapping devoid of connotation transfer.

Dans le temps même où elle transforme le donné en reflet, la pensée tend à se représenter sous ses actes la présence silencieuse d’un irréfléchi qui résiste à son activité de séparation. Dans sa protestation contre l’emprison­ne­ment de l’évidence, la réflexion peine à se départir de la croyance que son écart n’est que provisoire et qu’il précède une ferme appropriation. Nous ne réfléchirions que pour mieux nous attacher au monde, à la vie et à nous-mêmes. Mais le désir de la (...) réflexion n’est... (shrink)

Nous nous plaisons à faire varier nos représentations. Nous jouissons en elles du dépôt stupéfiant de notre activité consciente de délimitation. Toujours nous croyons, comme le réalisme spontané nous y enjoint, que la pensée ne s’éprouve qu’en dehors d’elle-même, absorbée par l’œuvre de re­connaissance de ce qui la précède, de ce qui lui est « donné ». En cette pseudo-évidence, la forme est d’emblée présentée comme ce qui, traçant le contour, fait apparaître du fini, conformément aux conditio...

L'idealisme radical de Jean-Michel Le Lannou conteste l'identification de la pensee et de la representation. Loin de soumettre a la vacuite et la mort, l'abstraction manifeste ses puissances d'exces. Plus rien ne nous oblige a persister dans notre amour du fini. Pourtant, la philosophie s'est longtemps meprise sur elle-meme. D'ou provient une telle mesentente sur le desir du penser? Montrer comment la pensee a pu ainsi se fourvoyer sur elle-meme doit permettre d'entreprendre sa liberation definitive. Les etudes reunies ici s'attachent (...) avec ambition a eclairer ce mouvement insurrectionnel d'une pensee qui refuse de se laisser retenir par la particularite et qui, dans son detachement meme, rejoint l'affirmation substantielle la plus intense. (shrink)

The article addresses the old question of vitalism, starting with a very concrete and recent example: the successful laboratory production of the polio virus. Following this, the author recalls two types of arguments on the nature of living being: those of Leibniz and those of Claude Bernard. If, according to the biologists who produced the virus themselves, life’s unique trait is self-replication, what should one make of the dominant position in philosophy of biology today, which denies any argument based on (...) the substantial attribution of properties to living being? The essay concludes by suggesting a new way of acknowledging the specificity of life without turning it into a metaphysical property; a way which emphasizes the import of the philosophy of biology itself. (shrink)